Shaidu v. State (2026) 7 NWLR (Pt. 2041) 31, at 88 – 89, F – D: ‘As borne out on the record, the respondent did not call the interpreter in exhibit P2 to testify and there is evidence to show that the statement of the appellant in Exhibit P7 was recorded without an interpreter in breach of the appellant’s constitutional right to fair hearing. See section 36(6) of the 1999 Constitution (as altered). It is well settled that if the statement of a defendant is made in a language other than English Language and it is interpreted into English by an interpreter to the recorder, the interpreter must be called to give evidence otherwise the contents of the statement will be hearsay and the confessional statement will be inadmissible. It is hearsay evidence because it cannot be subjected to the crucible of cross-examination in the absence of the interpreter, PW1 did not lay any foundation as to the whereabout of the interpreter before he tendered exhibit P2; as for exhibit P7, it is clear from the documentary exhibit that the statement is fundamentally and fatally flawed as no named interpreter was afforded the appellant before his statement was recorded by ASP B. I who was not even called to give evidence. Indeed, it was incumbent on the respondent to tender in evidence two confessional statements in exhibits P2 and P7; one in Yoruba Language and the other, its English translation. See Federal Republic of Nigeria v. Usman & Anor (2012) 8 NWLR(Pt. 1301) 141 @ 159 – 161; Ifaramoye v. State (2017) LPELR -42031 (SC), (2017) 8 NWLR (Pt. 1568) 457; R v. Zakwakwa (1960)FSC 12; Nwali v. State (1991) 3 NWLR (Pt. 182) 663; Damina v.State (1995) 8 NWLR (Pt. 415) 546; Adeyemi v. State (2013) 3 NWLR (Pt. 1340) 78 at 88 – 89; Imoh v. State (2019) LPELR -47011 (CA). The lower court unfortunately failed to avert itself to the settled position of the law with regard to confessional statements obtained by the police from a defendant who does not speak the Language of the court. Exhibits P2 and P7 are therein wholly inadmissible in law and are accordingly expunged from the records.’
ADMISSIBILITY OF A CONFESSIONAL STATEMENT
Olalekan v. State (2001) LPELR-2561(SC) 4, 50-51, F-A, where Onu, J.S.C. held as follows: “This Court has held times without number that the statement of an accused is not inadmissible merely because it is taken down in a different language from the language of the person making it. See Queen v. Baba Haske (1961) 1 All NLR 330 at 333.” (Emphasis supplied).
At page 37, A-C of the same Report, Karibi-Whyte, J.S.C. also stated as follows: “The general proposition is well settled that where an interpreter has been used in the recording of a statement, the statement is inadmissible unless the person who interpreted it is called as a witness as well as the person who wrote it down.”
Again, at pages 55-57 of the same Report, Uwaifo, J.S.C. made his findings in extension as follows: “I have read the reasons given by my learned brother Ogundare, J.S.C. for dismissing this appeal on 20 September, 2001. I wish however, to express my views briefly on whether Exhibit A was properly admitted at the trial. Sgt Linus Patricks (PW6) was the officer who recorded the statement of the appellant. The appellant spoke in Yoruba language and PW6, acting through an interpreter, Aremu Adeosun (PE3), recorded the statement in English language. That was how Exhibit A, the said statement, came into existence. Now, PW3 testified that he interpreted between PW6 and the Appellant. Thereafter, he read the statement as written in English language by interpreting it to the Appellant who agreed that it was correctly recorded. He said the Appellant thumb-printed Exhibit A and he, the interpreter, signed it, as did PW6, the recorder of the statement… At the trial Court, no objection was taken to the voluntariness of the statement, or any other objection at all… The objection now taken in this Court is that the statement (Exhibit A) is hearsay evidence… With the greatest respect, what I understand the authorities in this country to establish is that where an interpreter has been used in taking down a statement, both the person who wrote down the statement and the person who interpreted it must be called as witnesses. In the case of the person who recorded the statement, he would, of course, state in evidence the procedure he took in the process. That was done in the present case. As for the person who interpreted, he would need to be presented as a witness to testify that he interpreted. It is then open to the defence to cross-examine them… I am therefore satisfied that the prosecution called the necessary witnesses who gave sufficient evidence in the present case to make Exhibit A admissible… The objection that it was hearsay is not well founded and I overrule it.”