To succeed in proving its case beyond reasonable doubt in a charge for armed robbery or culpable homicide punishable with death, one of the essential ingredients of both offences is proof that the accused person was one of those who participated in the armed robbery or series of robberies and in the case of culpable homicide, that it was his act that caused the death of the deceased. For armed robbery, see: Bozin Vs The State (1985) 2 NWLR (Pt. 8) 465; Afolabi Vs The State (2010) 16 NWLR (Pt. 1220) 584; Smart Vs The State (2016) LPELR 40728 (SC) @ 29 D-E. For culpable homicide punishable with death, see: Musa Vs The State (2009) 15 NWLR (Pt. 1165) 467; Aliyu Vs The State (2013) 12 NWLR (Pt.1368) 403; Afolabi Vs The State (2016) LPELR 40300 (SC) at 31-32 E-A.
— E. Eko, JSC. Lawali v State (2019) – SC.272/2017